Can I Give You a Lift?
My friend's young son's latest obsession became my latest project, with a salvaged stepper motor, a couple of servos, and a bit of ingenuity.
When you reach a certain age, you begin to notice that friends of yours are starting to have kids. You might even notice that you’re having kids yourself. With a little luck (and perhaps a bit of nudging), hopefully your kids will get interested in science or engineering at an early age.
It’s extra sweet when your friend’s kids get interested in engineering, and they come to you. Such was the case recently with a very dear friend of mine. It turns out that his three-year-old son is completely obsessed with elevators. Their local mall has glass enclosed elevators, and this eager young learner can watch them go up and down for hours. However, since hanging around the mall for hours on end isn’t really an option right now, my friend asked for advice. He wanted a toy elevator for his boy, but couldn’t find anything commercially available that really fit what he wanted. So he asked if I knew anyone who might be able to come up with a design closer to what he thought his son would like. After listening to his description, and not knowing any makers in his area, I told him that I would be happy to make an elevator for his son.
The elevator, almost complete. Clear acrylic on the sides and back allow him to watch the mechanics of it.
The design I came up with...well, actually the design I came up with was way over-designed and far too complicated to pull off in the amount of time I had, especially for someone that young. So the design I settled on was a two-story elevator, using MicroRax for the framing, a combination of laser cut acrylic and 3D-printed parts for the wall enclosures, using a small stepper motor and belt that I had harvested from an old printer, plus a couple of continuous rotation servos and controlled with a slightly older SparkFun RedBoard that I had on hand, and a SparkFun EasyDriver Stepper Motor Driver. Some illuminated buttons and LEDs rounded out the parts list.
A small stepper motor with gears and a steel slide harvested from an old printer, with a 3D-printed motor mount and counterweights.
I used the longest of the MicroRax lengths for the height, which in hindsight might not have been the best idea. Creating the enclosure before I figured out how and where I was going to put all of the internal components was just poor practice. Oh well, another lesson learned...again. Components first; enclosure second. Once I assembled the framing, I took measurements then set to cutting the acrylic. Then it was a matter of putting everything inside. Once I began that process, it became clear that I had not left myself enough room to fully open the elevator doors. My options were to either make the enclosure larger and re-cut all of the acrylic, which probably wasn’t possible since my acrylic pile is now mostly small scraps, or just make the elevator doors a little narrower. Since I still had just barely enough acrylic to re-cut the front panel, that’s what I did.
I cut the car out of clear blue acrylic, and the door and mechanism were acrylic and 3D-printed parts.
I printed a counterweight for the elevator car, adjusting the fill percentage so that it was almost the same weight as the elevator car. Since I was already using harvested printer parts, I grabbed three rails as well - one for the counterweight and two for the car. I cut them to length and created sliders to attach to the car. I found some rack-and-pinion files online, but none that really suited my needs. I did a little design work, and after a few iterations, had just what I needed. It might not have been the most elegant solution, but often, especially when time is of the essence, I have to remind myself that “perfect is the enemy of done."
As far as the control motors go, I generally trust servos to be “eh, close enough" and steppers to be “yeah, that’s definitely precise enough." However, since this will be out of my hands, in the hands of a young boy, and too far away for me to readily fix, I don’t know that even steppers can be considered fail-safe. So I tapped back into my theatre days, where everyone knew that if you want something to stop at the same place, at the same time, every time, you put limit switches at each end of its travel. So in an effort to make the elevator as child-proof kid friendly as possible, I added six limit switches - two for the elevator car and two for each elevator door. This way, if the belt slips, or a door gets jammed, the travel distance isn’t relying on precoded math, it’s hitting a physical limit switch every time it travels, and that brings me a little peace of mind.
The coding is straightforward and simple. Since we’re using continuous rotation servos, all we do is set the speed and have them run until they hit the limit switch. The same goes for the stepper motor operating the elevator car - run CW or CCW until you hit a switch. I’m still finalizing the LEDs. I know that the blue LED over each door illuminates when the car is on that floor, but we’ll see how I light up the buttons. So many possibilities.
Lest there be any confusion, this is Zane's Elevator!
I always enjoy sparking interest or excitement in a child when it comes to engineering - almost as much as I love the chance to help out an old friend. Did you create any cool builds this year for your kids, or even someone else’s? Was it due to an interest they showed in something, or an interest you were trying to pique in them? We always love to hear what our products are being used for out in the wild, so drop us a note in the comments and let up know what you've made that sparked wonder in the eyes of a child! Happy Hacking!
That's a neat project! I hope the young man finds it intriguing and will further his knowledge in STEM!
Being an Engineer (with >40 years experience), one of the things I've always found a bit irksome is that elevators that serve only two floors always seem to have two buttons (in the car), one for each floor, when they really only need one labeled something like "Change Floor" or "Other Floor". The only time I saw something like this was in 2002 in London, England, at the Stanstead Airport -- the single button was labeled "Operate Lift".
Oh, yes: I've heard that something like 70 to 80% of the "close door" buttons aren't connected to anything -- they're there just to give the passengers "warm fuzzies". Other buttons, such as "open door" and "emergency call", though, do actually do something. (I have noticed that the "close door" buttons in elevators in senior living facilities actually are functional.)
And yes, I believe that the glass is neither half full nor half empty but twice as large as it needs to be! ;-)
The notion that 70 or 80% of close door buttons are not connected is false. the open door and close door buttons are part of firefighter operation of the elevator, just because they don't appear to do anything under normal operation (They are programmed not to) does not mean they are disconnected.
Thank you for elevating my knowledge! Still, the programming to ignore the button makes it useless other than to give "warm fuzzies" to the impatient.
The thought comes to mind, though, is that I wonder how often the elevators get tested in the "firefighter operation" mode? I've been told that here in Arizona at least (in senior living facilities) the "emergency phone" and "alarm" buttons have to be tested at least every 6 months, but I don't know about sticking the key into the "firefighter operation" switch.
On a vaguely related topic, a lot of people aren't aware that (at least here in the U.S.) every escalator has an "emergency stop" button at both ends, usually located near the floor at the entry/exit points. I don't recall how I became aware of it (observation, maybe?) but a few decades ago I witnessed someone falling on an escalator, and I ran over and punched the button. There were many other witnesses who were closer, but none seemed to be aware of the button.
I've made a garage door opener that worked not only using limit switches but on time. The door has a certain time to go from open to shut (or vice versa) and if it doesn't hit the limit switch within that time frame it stops the door.
That's what I was wondering about. Using a limit switch doesn't provide any safety if the switch breaks. What adds safety is the redundancy of comparing time and a limit switch, and throwing a flag if they don't agree. Nicely done on the garage door opener.
What? No video of it working?! This is super cool and we need to see it in action!!!!
Here's the thing... Sometimes (especially in my world) a deadlines arrives before the code is quite finished. I will post a link to the video here in the comments once I get it done and posted!
Indeed! Just a short video, please!
When my daughter was in 5th grade, her teacher assigned a very open-ended science fair project, and after some brainstorming she wanted to make a GPS tracker that she could attach to her belongings that she called the “GPS Tracker For When Your Little Brothers Hide Your Stuff.”
It was a great lesson for her in design and budget constraints, and she came out the other end with a HUGE appreciation for the complexities of electronics design and coding. And in the end we almost got the darned thing to work!!
It's probably worth noting that real elevators use limit switches for the exact same reasons. "Public safety" is the grown-ups' version of "kid friendly."